里德堡原子电磁探测技术及应用

doi:10.12267/j.issn.2096-5931.2024.07.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

里德堡原子正在成为一种新型的电磁探测手段。回顾了里德堡原子在电场测量领域的最新研究进展及其在数字通信、微波计量和成像等方面的应用探索。利用里德堡原子的电磁诱导透明和Autler-Townes(AT)分裂效应,可以几乎无扰动地测量微波场的强度、极化、相位和到达角等特性。里德堡原子电磁探测系统作为“原子天线”,可直接溯源至国际单位制从而实现精确的微波无线电计量,在数字通信领域的可行性也已得到验证,并在远小于射频波长的尺度上实现高分辨率近场和远场成像。

关键词: 量子传感, 里德堡原子, 电磁探测, 量子信息

Abstract:

Rydberg atom is becoming a new means of electromagnetic detection. This paper reviews the latest research progress of Rydberg atom in the field of electric field measurement and its application in digital communication, microwave metrology and imaging. Using the electromagnetically induced transparency of Rydberg atoms and the Autler-Townes (AT) splitting effect, the intensity, polarization, phase and arrival angle of the microwave field can be measured almost without disturbance. As an “atomic antenna”, the Rydberg Atomic Electromagnetic Detection system can be traced directly to the International System of Units to achieve accurate microwave radio metrology, and has proven its feasibility in the field of digital communications, enabling high-resolution near-field and far-field imaging at scales far smaller than RF wavelengths.

Key words: quantum sensing, Rydberg atom, electromagnetic detection, quantum information

中图分类号:

E91
O413

贾春阳, 陈雪花, 丛楠, 罗文浩, 张笑楠, 杨仁福. 里德堡原子电磁探测技术及应用[J]. 信息通信技术与政策, 2024, 50(7): 85-96.

JIA Chunyang, CHEN Xuehua, CONG Nan, LUO Wenhao, ZHANG Xiaonan, YANG Renfu. Rydberg atomic electromagnetic detection technology and application[J]. Information and Communications Technology and Policy, 2024, 50(7): 85-96.

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链接本文:

http://ictp.caict.ac.cn/CN/10.12267/j.issn.2096-5931.2024.07.011

http://ictp.caict.ac.cn/CN/Y2024/V50/I7/85

图/表 1

参考文献 99

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效应	描述	AT分裂	错误类型	EIT峰幅度	错误类型
恒定磁场	过渡偶极污染(~μ_BB/ΔE_fs)	1%	系统性	1%	系统性
恒定电场	过渡偶极污染(~αE2/ΔE_fs)	0.001%	系统性	0.001%	系统性
蒸汽压/密度变化	吸收变化	NA	—	0.01%	系统性
微波源频率	MW源频率的不确定性	0.55%	系统性	NA	—
微波源振幅	低MW场下振幅的不确定性	NA	—	4.4%	系统性
双光子失调噪声 (200 kHz)	耦合和探测激光之间的相对失调噪声	NA	—	0.4%	统计性
来自激光强度和探测的技术噪声	拟合峰分离或高度的统计噪声	0.5%	统计性	约1%~7%	统计性

效应	描述	AT分裂	错误类型	EIT峰幅度	错误类型
恒定磁场	过渡偶极污染(~μ_BB/ΔE_fs)	1%	系统性	1%	系统性
恒定电场	过渡偶极污染(~αE2/ΔE_fs)	0.001%	系统性	0.001%	系统性
蒸汽压/密度变化	吸收变化	NA	—	0.01%	系统性
微波源频率	MW源频率的不确定性	0.55%	系统性	NA	—
微波源振幅	低MW场下振幅的不确定性	NA	—	4.4%	系统性
双光子失调噪声 (200 kHz)	耦合和探测激光之间的相对失调噪声	NA	—	0.4%	统计性
来自激光强度和探测的技术噪声	拟合峰分离或高度的统计噪声	0.5%	统计性	约1%~7%	统计性