全球量子保密通信网络建设进展

doi:10.12267/j.issn.2096-5931.2025.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前,量子科技突飞猛进、应用逐步成熟、国际竞争加剧,正处在产业规模发展的关键时点。量子保密通信网络是基于量子密钥分发技术的基础设施,可以实现量子保密通信以应对量子计算所带来的信息安全威胁。基于此,通过梳理国内外光纤量子保密通信网络、量子卫星等建设进展,分析全球主要经济体的量子保密通信网络布局策略,提出面对量子科技国际竞争环境的未来发展建议。

关键词: 量子保密通信, 量子密钥分发, 信息安全

Abstract:

The quantum technology is rapidly developing, with applications nearing maturity and global competition intensifying. It has now reached a pivotal stage of accelerated progress and industrial expansion. Quantum communication networks are infrastructure based on quantum key distribution technology, which can address the information security threats posed by quantum computing. By comparing the strategies and advancements of major economies, including terrestrial quantum networks and quantum satellites, this paper provides recommendations for enhancing capabilities of quantum communication networks.

Key words: quantum secure communication network, quantum key distribution, information security

中图分类号:

TN918

张剑霄, 罗启明, 吴畅. 全球量子保密通信网络建设进展[J]. 信息通信技术与政策, 2025, 51(7): 43-53.

ZHANG Jianxiao, LUO Qiming, WU Chang. Advances in the global quantum secure communication networks[J]. Information and Communications Technology and Policy, 2025, 51(7): 43-53.

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链接本文:

http://ictp.caict.ac.cn/CN/10.12267/j.issn.2096-5931.2025.07.006

http://ictp.caict.ac.cn/CN/Y2025/V51/I7/43

图/表 10

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网络名称	年份	国家和地区	主要建设内容
美国芝加哥城域量子网络	2022	美国芝加哥	芝加哥量子交易所和东芝公司共建,由6个节点和200 km的光纤组成
美国查塔努加电力局(Electric Power Board, EPB)量子网络	2022	美国查塔努加	美国EPB和美国Qubitekk公司共建,由10个节点组成
英国	2021	英国	光纤总长410 km,包括3个节点,2025年4月成功演示了长距离量子安全数据传输
新加坡国家量子安全网络	2022	新加坡	由新加坡政府和企业共建,共计10个节点,当前尚为测试平台,正推进商用化的NQSN+计划
韩国国家QKD网络	2022	韩国	韩国运营商SK和瑞士ID Quantique(IDQ)公司合作共建,网络里程数达到800 km,节点数超过48个
西班牙EuroQCI项目	2024	西班牙	建设以马德里和巴塞罗那为主干线的国家量子保密通信网络
荷兰QCINed项目	2023	荷兰	在乌特勒支、阿姆斯特丹、埃因霍温各部署一个量子保密通信网络,由12个节点组成,里程数约100 km
奥地利QCI-CAT项目	2024	奥地利	由10个节点组成,里程数超过200 km
保加利亚BGQCI项目	2023	保加利亚索非亚	在首都索非亚部署一个链接内政部、交通部、国防部、DSK银行的量子网络

网络名称	年份	国家和地区	主要建设内容
美国芝加哥城域量子网络	2022	美国芝加哥	芝加哥量子交易所和东芝公司共建,由6个节点和200 km的光纤组成
美国查塔努加电力局(Electric Power Board, EPB)量子网络	2022	美国查塔努加	美国EPB和美国Qubitekk公司共建,由10个节点组成
英国	2021	英国	光纤总长410 km,包括3个节点,2025年4月成功演示了长距离量子安全数据传输
新加坡国家量子安全网络	2022	新加坡	由新加坡政府和企业共建,共计10个节点,当前尚为测试平台,正推进商用化的NQSN+计划
韩国国家QKD网络	2022	韩国	韩国运营商SK和瑞士ID Quantique(IDQ)公司合作共建,网络里程数达到800 km,节点数超过48个
西班牙EuroQCI项目	2024	西班牙	建设以马德里和巴塞罗那为主干线的国家量子保密通信网络
荷兰QCINed项目	2023	荷兰	在乌特勒支、阿姆斯特丹、埃因霍温各部署一个量子保密通信网络,由12个节点组成,里程数约100 km
奥地利QCI-CAT项目	2024	奥地利	由10个节点组成,里程数超过200 km
保加利亚BGQCI项目	2023	保加利亚索非亚	在首都索非亚部署一个链接内政部、交通部、国防部、DSK银行的量子网络

发射时间	名称	规格	国家和地区
2016年8月	墨子号	640 kg	中国
2019年6月	SpooQy-1	3 U	新加坡、英国、瑞士
2021年8月	CAPsat	2.8 kg	美国
2022年7月	济南一号	98 kg	中国
2024年8月	Qube	3.5 kg	德国
计划2025年发射	SpeQtre	12 U	英国、新加坡
计划2025年发射	Qube-2	6 U	德国
计划2025年发射	EAGLE-1	300 kg	欧盟
计划2026年发射	多颗微纳卫星	—	中国
计划2026年发射	QEYSSat	23 kg	加拿大、英国
计划2026年发射	SpeQtral-1	16 U	新加坡

发射时间	名称	规格	国家和地区
2016年8月	墨子号	640 kg	中国
2019年6月	SpooQy-1	3 U	新加坡、英国、瑞士
2021年8月	CAPsat	2.8 kg	美国
2022年7月	济南一号	98 kg	中国
2024年8月	Qube	3.5 kg	德国
计划2025年发射	SpeQtre	12 U	英国、新加坡
计划2025年发射	Qube-2	6 U	德国
计划2025年发射	EAGLE-1	300 kg	欧盟
计划2026年发射	多颗微纳卫星	—	中国
计划2026年发射	QEYSSat	23 kg	加拿大、英国
计划2026年发射	SpeQtral-1	16 U	新加坡