Abstract:

The relationship between computing infrastructure and power systems is evolving from unidirectional supply and consumption toward bidirectional coordination. Traditional energy-efficiency evaluation frameworks centered on Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) can no longer adequately accommodate this trend. Research progress on multi-dimensional energy efficiency evaluation metrics for computing-power synergy is systematically reviewed. The challenges posed by emerging technologies, including liquid cooling and wide-area scheduling in computing power networks, to conventional evaluation paradigms are analyzed, and the evolution and limitations of domestic and international standard systems for compute-electricity collaboration are summarized. Literature analysis indicates that harmonizing heterogeneous measurement dimensions and standardizing dynamic evaluation are central research issues, while benefit allocation and responsibility attribution under multi-stakeholder coordination mechanisms require further investigation. The development of graded standards for computing-load flexibility and interface protocols for joint computing-power dispatch represents an important direction for advancing the standardization of computing-power synergy.

Key words: computing-power synergy, energy efficiency evaluation, computing infrastructure, PUE, demand response