Abstract:

With the large-scale deployment of the low-altitude economy, low-altitude services impose higher requirements on three-dimensional coverage, continuous sensing, and safety supervision in low-altitude airspace. Due to the high mobility of low-altitude flying targets, service data transmission and target sensing need to be jointly guaranteed, which creates an urgent demand for the integrated provision of communication and sensing. In this context, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) can collaboratively provide both communication and sensing capabilities over a unified network infrastructure, thereby offering critical support for the construction of the low-altitude digital infrastructure. This paper first reviews the domestic and international standardization and research progress, and then summarizes two technical approaches: ISAC base-station-based systems and ISAC UAV-swarm platforms. It further identifies major challenges, including resource competition, insufficient low-altitude three-dimensional coverage, limited sensing accuracy, insufficient sensing trustworthiness, and complex global interference coupling.Finally, a technical roadmap for ISAC networks oriented toward the low-altitude economy is proposed, covering trustworthy echo acquisition, networked cooperative detection and continuous trajectory tracking, AI-based recognition and fusion, multi-source fusion sensing and conflict arbitration, as well as network-level resource and architectural evolution.

Key words: low-altitude economy, ISAC, low-altitude network, networked sensing, multi-source fusion