Abstract:

The application of intelligent agents is currently undergoing accelerated evolution and deployment. Based on technological capabilities and ecosystem strengths, different entities are pursuing varied implementation pathways and product forms, which faces many challenges. This paper first systematically outlines the two mainstream technical pathways: interaction based on Graphical User Interface (GUI) recognition and operation, and invocation based on Application Programming Interface (API) authentication. It then provides a thorough analysis of the impacts exerted by these different pathways on cybersecurity, privacy boundaries, and the evolution of industrial ecosystems, while also analyzing different technical choices, ecosystem models, and regulatory practices. Finally, considering the characteristics of China’s market structure and application ecosystem, the paper proposes a governance framework aimed at promoting the compliant empowerment of industrial innovation by intelligent agents and supporting the high-quality development of digital economy.

Key words: artificial intelligence governance, intelligent agents, permission invocation, GUI