Analysis of quantum computing technology and industrial development trends

doi:10.12267/j.issn.2096-5931.2024.07.006

Abstract

Abstract:

With increased investment in policy layout by multiple countries and regions in recent years, rapid development in quantum computing technology research, application exploration, and industrial cultivation offers promising potential for exponential acceleration in solving some computationally complex problems. Quantum computing has emerged as one of the vital directions for future leaps in computing power. This paper sorts out the policy layout in the field of quantum computing at home and abroad, analyzes the technological progress, application exploration, and the current status of industrial cultivation, and looks forward to the future development trend.

Key words: quantum computing, technology research, application exploration, industrial cultivation

CLC Number:

TN918
O413

WANG Jing, ZHANG Meng, LI Fang. Analysis of quantum computing technology and industrial development trends[J]. Information and Communications Technology and Policy, 2024, 50(7): 39-47.

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL:

http://ictp.caict.ac.cn/EN/10.12267/j.issn.2096-5931.2024.07.006

http://ictp.caict.ac.cn/EN/Y2024/V50/I7/39

Figures/Tables 2

References 45

[1]	中国信息通信研究院. 量子信息技术发展与应用研究报告(2023)[R], 2023.
[2]	中国信息通信研究院. 量子计算发展态势研究报告(2023)[R], 2023.
[3]	European Commission. The quantum technologies flagship[Z/OL]. (2018-10-29)[2024-03-19]. https://ec europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_18_6205.
[4]	115th Congress. National quantum initiative act[Z/OL]. (2021-12-21)[2024-03-19]. https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/6227.
[5]	National Science and Technology Council. National Quantum Initiative (NQI) supplement to the president’s FY 2024 budget[Z/OL]. (2023-12-01)[2024-03-19]. https://www.quantum.gov/the-national-quantum-initiative-supplement-to-the-presidents-fy-2024-budget-released/.
[6]	118th Congress. The national quantum initiative reauthorization act[Z/OL]. (2023-11-03)[2024-03-19]. https://science.house.gov/2023/11/the-national-quantum-initiative-reauthorization-act.
[7]	OpenSuperQPlus. Open superconducting quantum computers[EB/OL]. (2022-09-09)[2024-03-19]. https://www.opensuperqplus.eu/.
[8]	PASQuanS2. Programmable atomic large-scale quantum simulation 2.1[EB/OL]. (2023-04-01)[2024-03-19]. https://pasquans2.eu/.
[9]	European Commission. European declaration on quantum technologies[Z/OL]. (2023-12-06)[2024-03-19]. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/european-declaration-quantum-technologies.
[10]	European Commission. New roadmap to position Europe as the quantum valley of the world[Z/OL]. (2024-02-14)[2024-05-08]. https://qt.eu/news/2024/2024-02-14_new-roadmap-to-position-europe-as-the-quantum-valley-of-the-world.
[11]	国家发展和改革委员会. 关于2022年国民经济和社会发展计划执行情况与2023年国民经济和社会发展计划草案的报告[Z], 2023.
[12]	工业和信息化部. 工业和信息化部等四部门关于印发《新产业标准化领航工程实施方案(2023─2035年)》的通知[Z], 2023.
[13]	IBM. IBM quantum summit 2023[EB/OL]. (2023-12-04)[2024-03-19]. https://www.ibm.com/quantum/summit-2023.
[14]	SHI Y H, LIU Y, ZHANG Y, et al. Quantum simulation of topological zero modes on a 41-qubit superconducting processor[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2023, 131(8): 080401.
[15]	国盾量子. 不算太难?500比特量子计算芯片面世[EB/OL]. (2024-04-25)[2024-05-07]. https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1797359672674040367&wfr=spider&for=pc.
[16]	中国科学院. 2024中关村论坛年会发布中国科学院多项重大成果[EB/OL]. (2024-04-25)[2024-05-07]. https://www.cas.cn/spx/202404/t20240425_5012649.shtml. .
[17]	Quantinuum. Quantinuum extends its significant lead in quantum computing, achieving historic milestones for hardware fidelity and quantum volume[EB/OL]. (2024-04-16)[2024-05-08]. https://www.quantinuum.com/news/quantinuum-extends-its-significant-lead-in-quantum-computing-achieving-historic-milestones-for-hardware-fidelity-and-quantum-volume.
[18]	Atom Computing. Quantum startup Atom Computing first to exceed 1 000 qubits[EB/OL]. (2023-10-24)[2024-03-20]. https://atom-computing.com/quantum-startup-atom-computing-first-to-exceed-1000-qubits/.
[19]	PAUSE L, STURM L, MITTEBüHLER M, et al. Supercharged two-dimensional tweezer array with more than 1 000 atomic qubits[J]. Optica, 2024, 11(2):222-226.
[20]	Infleqtion. Infleqtion unveils 5-year quantum computing roadmap, advancing plans to commercialize quantum at scale[EB/OL]. (2024-02-08)[2024-05-07]. https://thequantuminsider.com/2024/02/08/infleqtion-unveils-5-year-quantum-computing-roadmap-advancing-plans-to-commercialize-quantum-at-scale/.
[21]	DENG Y H, GU Y C, LIU H L, et al. Gaussian boson sampling with pseudo-photon-number-resolving detectors and quantum computational advantage[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2023, 131(15):150601.
[22]	DENG Y H, GONG S Q, GU Y C, et al. Solving graph problems using Gaussian boson sampling[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2023, 130(19):190601.
[23]	玻色量子. 玻色量子亮相首届朝阳科技创新发展大会[EB/OL]. (2024-04-23)[2024-05-08]. https://www.qboson.com/newsDetail?id=233.
[24]	Intel. Quantum computing systems achieving quantum practicality[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2024-03-20]. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/research/quantum-computing.html.
[25]	LIU H, WANG K, GAO F, et al. Ultrafast and electrically tunable rabi frequency in a germanium hut wire hole spin qubit[J]. Nano Letters, 2023, 23(9):3810-3817.
[26]	GOTTESMAN D. Class of quantum error-correcting codes saturating the quantum hamming bound[J]. Physical Review A, 1996, 54(3):1862-1868. pmid: 9913672
[27]	Google Quantum AI. Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit[J]. Nature, 2023, 614:676-681.
[28]	NI Z C, LI S, DENG X W, et al. Beating the break-even point with a discrete-variable-encoded logical qubit[J]. Nature, 2023,616:56-60.
[29]	SIVAK V V, EICKBUSCH A, ROYER B, et al. Real-time quantum error correction beyond break-even[J]. Nature, 2023,616:50-55.
[30]	SCHOLL P, SHAW A L, TSAI R B-S, et al. Erasure conversion in a high-fidelity Rydberg quantum simulator[J]. Nature, 2023,622:273-278.
[31]	MA S, LIU G, PENG P, et al. High-fidelity gates and mid-circuit erasure conversion in an atomic qubit[J]. Nature, 2023,622:279-284.
[32]	EVERED S J, BLUVSTEIN D, KALINOWSKI M, et al. High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer[J]. Nature, 2023,622:268-272.
[33]	Intel. Intel releases quantum software development kit version 1.0 to grow developer ecosystem[EB/OL]. (2023-02-28)[2024-03-20]. https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/news/intel-releases-quantum-sdk.html#gs.riwex3.
[34]	HPCwire. QC ware launches promethium, a quantum chemistry saas; targets hybrid world near-term[EB/OL]. (2023-04-17)[2024-03-20]. https://www.hpcwire.com/2023/04/17/qc-ware-launches-promethium-a-quantum-chemistry-saas-targets-hybrid-world-near-term/.
[35]	Microsoft. Azure quantum development kit[EB/OL]. (2023-09-21)[2024-03-20]. https://github.com/microsoft/qsharp/wiki/Installation.
[36]	Pasqal. Pulser studio graphical user interface[EB/OL]. (2023-01-09)[2024-03-20]. https://www.pasqal.com/solutions/pulser-studio.
[37]	启科量子. 首套国产ARTIQ架构量子计算测控系统发布[EB/OL]. (2022-04-08)[2024-05-09]. https://www.qudoor.com/index.php?c=show&id=19.
[38]	中微达信. 可扩展百比特量子测控系统ZW-QCS1000[EB/OL]. (2023-08-24)[2024-05-09]. http://www.das-zone.com/view/system/systemProduct3.html.
[39]	Amazon. Palace[EB/OL]. (2023-03-10)[2024-03-20]. https://aws.amazon.com/cn/blogs/quantum-computing/aws-releases-open-source-software-palace-for-cloud-base.
[40]	量旋科技. 量旋科技全新升级三大业务线产品,加速推进量子计算普惠化[EB/OL]. (2023-04-14)[2024-03-20]. https://www.spinq.cn/newsDetail/a915d803-d94d-485e-b6ad-ee6356062b98.
[41]	The Quantum Insider. Citi and classiq use amazon braket to explore quantum solutions for portfolio optimization[EB/OL]. (2024-02-12)[2024-05-08]. https://thequantuminsider.com/2024/02/12/citi-and-classiq-use-amazon-braket-to-explore-quantum-solutions-for-portfolio-optimization/.
[42]	Zapata. Zapata AI speeds up monte carlo simulation +8 000x for the financial services industry[EB/OL]. (2024-03-20)[2024-05-08]. https://zapata.ai/fast-alternative-to-monte-carlo-finance/.
[43]	The Quantum Insider. Phasecraft suite of algorithms simulates materials on near-term quantum computers[EB/OL]. (2024-01-24)[2024-05-08]. https://thequantuminsider.com/2024/01/24/phasecraft-suite-of-algorithms-simulates-materials-on-near-term-quantum-computers/.
[44]	IBM. Cleveland clinic and IBM unveil first quantum computer dedicated to healthcare research[EB/OL]. (2023-05-20)[2024-03-22]. https://newsroom.ibm.com/2023-03-20-Cleveland-Clinic-and-IBM-Unveil-First-Quantum-Computer-Dedicated-to-Healthcare-Research.
[45]	Zapata. Quantum computing-enhanced algorithm unveils novel inhibitors for KRAS[EB/OL]. (2024-02-28)[2024-05-08]. https://zapata.ai/publications/quantum-computing-enhanced-algorithm-unveils-novel-inhibitors-for-kras/.

时间/年	战略规划/法案	国家/地区	投资规模/美元
2014	国家量子技术计划	英国	10年投资约6.4亿
2018	光量子跃迁旗舰计划	日本	3年投资约1.2亿
2018	量子旗舰计划	欧盟	10年投资约11亿
2018	NQI法案(一期) 国家量子信息科学战略	美国	计划5年投资12.75亿实际投资已达37.38亿
2018	量子技术从科研到市场	德国	投资约7.1亿
2019	量子技术发展国家计划	荷兰	7年投资约7.4亿
2019	国家量子技术计划	以色列	5年投资约3.3亿
2019	国家量子行动计划	俄罗斯	5年投资约5.3亿
2020	国家量子技术投资计划	法国	投资约19.6亿
2021	量子系统研究计划	德国	5年投资约21.7亿
2022	芯片与科学法案	美国	4个量子项目 1.53亿/年
2023	国家量子战略	加拿大	投资约2.7亿
2023	国家量子战略	英国	未来10年投资31.8亿
2023	国家量子战略	澳大利亚	投资约6.4亿
2023	国家量子技术战略	丹麦	5年投资约1亿
2023	量子科技发展战略	韩国	2035年前投资17.9亿
2023	国家量子任务	印度	2030年前投资7.2亿
2023	量子2030	爱尔兰	已投资0.24亿
2023	NQI法案(二期)	美国	2024年预算9.68亿

时间/年	战略规划/法案	国家/地区	投资规模/美元
2014	国家量子技术计划	英国	10年投资约6.4亿
2018	光量子跃迁旗舰计划	日本	3年投资约1.2亿
2018	量子旗舰计划	欧盟	10年投资约11亿
2018	NQI法案(一期) 国家量子信息科学战略	美国	计划5年投资12.75亿实际投资已达37.38亿
2018	量子技术从科研到市场	德国	投资约7.1亿
2019	量子技术发展国家计划	荷兰	7年投资约7.4亿
2019	国家量子技术计划	以色列	5年投资约3.3亿
2019	国家量子行动计划	俄罗斯	5年投资约5.3亿
2020	国家量子技术投资计划	法国	投资约19.6亿
2021	量子系统研究计划	德国	5年投资约21.7亿
2022	芯片与科学法案	美国	4个量子项目 1.53亿/年
2023	国家量子战略	加拿大	投资约2.7亿
2023	国家量子战略	英国	未来10年投资31.8亿
2023	国家量子战略	澳大利亚	投资约6.4亿
2023	国家量子技术战略	丹麦	5年投资约1亿
2023	量子科技发展战略	韩国	2035年前投资17.9亿
2023	国家量子任务	印度	2030年前投资7.2亿
2023	量子2030	爱尔兰	已投资0.24亿
2023	NQI法案(二期)	美国	2024年预算9.68亿